The 7 unique elements of Hawaiian landscaping

If you’ve ever stayed in one of our Sunny Maui properties, you’ve certainly noticed how much the landscaping makes you feel…more wonderful.

Landscaping in Hawaii is rooted in ancient traditions but also adapted to modern times. It highlights our islands’ cultural heritage, unique ecology, sustainable practices and profound respect for ‘āina (land).

Let’s explore what makes Hawaiian landscaping so special!

Embracing native flora

At the heart of Hawaiian landscaping is the use of nā mea kanu ‘ōiwi (native plants). Species such as ‘ōhi’a lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), koa (Acacia koa), and ma’o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) are integral not only for their beauty but also for their ecological significance.

Incorporating these native flora supports our local ecosystems by providing habitat for indigenous wildlife, including endangered bird species like the nēnē (Hawaiian goose) and ‘i’iwi (scarlet honeycreeper). It also helps combat the spread of invasive species that threaten biodiversity.

Edible landscaping and food sovereignty

Edible landscaping, or māla’ai, has deep roots in Hawaiian tradition. Ancient Hawaiians practiced sustainable agriculture through sophisticated systems like lo’i kalo (taro terraces) and auwai (irrigation canals), cultivating staples such as kalo (taro), ‘uala (sweet potato), and ‘ulu (breadfruit).

Today, there’s a revival of these traditions through movements focused on food sovereignty and sustainability. Incorporating edible plants into modern landscapes promotes self-sufficiency and reconnects communities with these important ancestral practices.

Cultural significance and spiritual connection

Hawaiian landscaping is also deeply connected with spiritual beliefs and cultural values. The land is considered sacred, and every element within it holds a spiritual essence or mana. Gardens are often designed to honor this connection, incorporating sacred plants like ti (Cordyline fruticosa) and maile (Alyxia oliviformis).

Traditional gardens may include features like heiau (temple sites) or pōhaku (sacred stones), serving as places for reflection and worship. The concept of mālama ‘āina (to care for and nurture the land) helps prioritize balance and respect for natural resources.

Stone and volcanic elements

Stone plays a pivotal role in Hawaiian landscaping, symbolizing our islands’ volcanic origins and the enduring strength of the land. Lava rock, or pōhaku pele, is commonly used for constructing walls, pathways, and water features.

Traditional dry-stack stone walls, or paepae pohaku, highlight the craftsmanship of ancient stone workers. These ultra-sturdy stone walls are not only functional, but they hold cultural significance, often separating sacred spaces or communal areas.

Sustainable practices and ecological design

Sustainability is at the forefront of modern Hawaiian landscaping. Today, landscapers are adopting xeriscaping and permaculture, a design philosophy that mimics natural ecosystems to create self-sustaining environments.

Rainwater harvesting systems and the use of gray water for irrigation are becoming increasingly popular as a way to address water scarcity.

There are also major organic farming movements that completely discourage the use of harmful pesticides, fertilizers, and GMOs.

Integration of outdoor living spaces

The Hawaiian lifestyle is inherently connected to the outdoors, and modern landscaping reflects this by seamlessly blending indoor and outdoor spaces.

Lanais (verandas), outdoor kitchens, and communal gathering areas are designed to maximize the enjoyment of Hawaii’s heavenly climate and natural beauty.

Innovative designs incorporate elements such as green roofs and living walls, enhancing insulation and air quality while adding visual appeal.

Smart technology is also making its way into landscaping, with automated irrigation systems and outdoor lighting that enhance aesthetics, efficiency, and convenience.

Harmonious design and cultural sensitivity

Achieving harmony in Hawaiian landscaping involves a thoughtful approach that considers environmental impact, cultural significance, and aesthetic balance. Best practices include conducting thorough site assessments to understand microclimates, soil conditions, and native species.

Designers are encouraged to collaborate with cultural practitioners and local communities to ensure that landscaping projects honor traditional knowledge and practices. This cultural sensitivity helps preserve sacred sites and respects the spiritual dimensions of the land.

Hawaiian landscaping invites us to see gardens not merely as cultivated plots but as sacred spaces that embody the essence of aloha ‘āina—love and respect for the land.

Image credits: Lauren George, 4nitsirk, Studio Kealaula, Daniele Nabissi, starr-environmental, Meg Hill, Kaydn Ito